On his first voyage in 1534, Jacques Cartier did not discover any of the options you listed directly. However, he is primarily credited with exploring the St. Lawrence River during his later voyages. In 1534, his exploration led him to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and he made contact with the indigenous peoples, but he did not reach the St. Lawrence River itself on that initial voyage.
To clarify, among the given options, "the St. Lawrence River" is the closest as it pertains to Cartier's overall explorations, but it specifically relates to his later voyages rather than his first.