The two choices that influenced the emergence of opposing political parties are:
-
Differences in opinion on how much power federal government should have - This fundamental disagreement was a key issue that led to the formation of political parties, particularly between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
-
Looming threat of war with France - The foreign policy situation, particularly the threat of war, also played a significant role in shaping political alignments and party formation in the context of differing views on how to respond to such threats.
The options about the distribution of newspapers and pressure from Britain, while relevant to the political context, do not directly address the foundational ideological divides that created the political parties.