Noah Webster, a prominent American lexicographer, grammarian, and language reformer, had several critiques of the Articles of Confederation, primarily focused on the weaknesses of the federal government that arose from the loose association of states. Here are some of the fundamental problems he identified:
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Lack of a Strong Central Government: Webster believed that the Articles created a weak federal government that could not effectively govern the nation. He was concerned that the inability of Congress to levy taxes, regulate trade, or enforce laws left the government powerless.
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Interstate Disputes: The Articles did not provide mechanisms to resolve conflicts between states, which Webster thought could lead to discord and fragmentation among the states. He believed that without a strong central authority, states would act in their own interests rather than the common good.
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Economic Instability: Webster was worried about the economic difficulties that arose due to the absence of a unified economic policy. The lack of federal control over commerce and trade meant that states could impose tariffs on one another, which could stifle economic growth and create tensions.
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Inability to Raise an Army: The Articles made it difficult for the central government to maintain a standing army, which Webster viewed as a significant issue for national security. He recognized that without a capable military, the nation would be vulnerable to external threats.
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Lack of Unity: Webster believed that a strong national identity was essential for the newly formed country, and the Articles of Confederation hindered this by promoting state sovereignty over national unity.
Ultimately, these concerns contributed to the push for a stronger federal framework, leading to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and the eventual drafting of the U.S. Constitution, which addressed many of the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation.