A common transistor, specifically a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), has three leads:
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Emitter (E): This lead emits charge carriers (electrons or holes) into the base. It is typically heavily doped to increase its conductivity.
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Base (B): This is the control lead of the transistor. The base is thin and lightly doped, and it controls the number of charge carriers that can flow between the emitter and collector.
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Collector (C): The collector gathers charge carriers from the emitter and passes them through the transistor to the output. It is usually more heavily doped than the base but less so than the emitter.
In summary, the three leads of a common BJT are the emitter, base, and collector. For field-effect transistors (FETs), the three leads are the source, gate, and drain.