To isolate \( x \) in the equation \( 5x + 8 = 63 \), Randall should subtract 8 from both sides of the equation. So, he will apply the subtraction to the value 8.
Here's how it looks step by step:
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Start with the equation: \[ 5x + 8 = 63 \]
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Subtract 8 from both sides: \[ 5x + 8 - 8 = 63 - 8 \]
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This simplifies to: \[ 5x = 55 \]
So, the value Randall applies the subtraction to is 8.