India was divided into two different countries, India and Pakistan, primarily due to religious differences between Hindus and Muslims that led to significant political tensions. The demand for a separate Muslim state was pushed forward by the All-India Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, arguing that Muslims in India should have their own nation where they could practice their religion freely, leading to the partition of India upon gaining independence from British rule in 1947.
The other options mentioned do not accurately describe the historical context of India's partition. The British government did not create a new trading partner specifically through partition, there were various political ideologies among Indian leaders, and the United Nations did not mandate the creation of two separate countries. The partition was a direct result of communal tensions and political negotiations during India's struggle for independence.