Kemal Atatürk convinced European powers to begin peace negotiations following the Turkish fight for independence primarily by organizing Turkish independence efforts. His leadership in the Turkish War of Independence, along with the establishment of a nationalist movement and the emphasis on a sovereign Turkish state, created a strong negotiating position for Turkey. Atatürk's actions demonstrated the resolve and capability of the Turkish people to assert their independence, which ultimately pressured European powers to engage in peace negotiations.
How did Kemal Atatürk convince European powers to begin peace negotiations following the Turkish fight for independence?
by cooperating with them as they claimed Ottoman land
by ousting the Ottoman sultan from power
by organizing Turkish independence efforts
by threatening to attack Istanbul where they were based
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