In the post-Civil War era, African Americans responded to the hostile environment of the South through various means, but the provided responses do not accurately capture their primary actions during that period. While some African Americans did attempt to claim land on abandoned plantations (especially during the period of Reconstruction), widespread land confiscation was not a prevalent or successful strategy.
Overall, African Americans sought to assert their rights, pursue education, and establish communities, all while facing intense opposition and discrimination. The correct response to how they reacted would not be captured in either of the statements you provided.
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