Let's evaluate each statement to determine which ones are correct:
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a: "Active transport requires ATP and moves down the concentration gradient."
- This statement is incorrect. Active transport requires ATP but moves against the concentration gradient (from low to high concentration), not down the gradient.
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b: "Passive transport includes osmosis and diffusion."
- This statement is correct. Passive transport does include both osmosis (the movement of water) and diffusion (the movement of solutes) and occurs without the use of energy.
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c: "Cellular transport is the exchange of molecules across the cell membrane."
- This statement is correct. Cellular transport refers to the processes that involve the movement and exchange of molecules across the cell membrane.
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d: "Osmosis is the movement of water from a solution with high concentration of water to a solution with lower concentration of water."
- This statement is correct, although it could be more precisely stated. Osmosis is the movement of water from a hypotonic solution (high concentration of water, low concentration of solutes) to a hypertonic solution (low concentration of water, high concentration of solutes).
So, the correct statements are:
- b
- c
- d