The meeting of Texan leaders at the Constitutional Convention of 1836 primarily resulted in the declaration of Texas independence from Mexico, which exacerbated tensions and conflicts with the Mexican government. One significant consequence of these tensions was the Mexican government's demand for the settlers of Gonzales to return their cannon. This event is often referred to as the "Lexington of Texas" and marked a key moment in the lead-up to the Texas Revolution.
Therefore, the correct answer would be: the Mexican government to demand the settlers of Gonzales return their cannon.