At the border of the South American and Nazca plate, there is a long and large mountain range called the Andes. Why did these mountains form? (1 point)
Responses
These mountains formed due to a divergent boundary.
These mountains formed due to a divergent boundary.
These mountains formed due to a convergent boundary.
These mountains formed due to a convergent boundary.
These mountains formed due to a still boundary.
These mountains formed due to a still boundary.
These mountains formed due to a transform boundary.
Which statement best describes how a ridge forms? (1 point)
Responses
Two tectonic plates move towards each other, causing a sudden drop in the ocean floor that can be miles deep.
Two tectonic plates move towards each other, causing a sudden drop in the ocean floor that can be miles deep.
Two tectonic plates move towards each other, causing one plate to slip under the other.
Two tectonic plates move towards each other, causing one plate to slip under the other.
Two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing them to push up against each other.
Two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing them to push up against each other.
Two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing lava to spew out of the ground and harden.
Why do tectonic plates on Earth’s surface move?(1 point)
Responses
The pressure from the ground pushes the plates apart.
The pressure from the ground pushes the plates apart.
The plates are surrounded by bodies of water that push the plates.
The plates are surrounded by bodies of water that push the plates.
The iron blocks in Earth’s core collide and move the plates.
The iron blocks in Earth’s core collide and move the plates.
The heat from Earth’s core moves molten rock beneath the plates.
Where do earthquakes normally occur?(1 point)
Responses
at the edges of tectonic plates
at the edges of tectonic plates
at the edges of Earth’s bodies of water
at the edges of Earth’s bodies of water
at the center of tectonic plates
at the center of tectonic plates
at the center of Earth’s core
In which direction is Hawaii's chain of islands moving?
A map of the Pacific Ocean shows a chain of islands. There is a compass rose in the bottom left corner with an arrow for north pointing toward the top of the map. The first island, labeled Hawaii is in the bottom right corner. Moving toward the upper left corner are the following islands in order: Kahoolawe, Maui, Lanai, Molkokai, Oahu, Niihau and ending with Kauai in the uper left corner of the map.(1 point)
Responses
Southwest
Southwest
Northeast
Northeast
Southeast
Southeast
Northwest
Northwest
Question
Which outlines the effects of root wedging? (1 point)
Responses
As plant roots in cracks of rocks grow, the crack grows as well.
As plant roots in cracks of rocks grow, the crack grows as well.
As water in cracks of rocks turns to ice, the crack becomes larger.
As water in cracks of rocks turns to ice, the crack becomes larger.
As rocks being moved by wind hit other rocks, the rocks being hit are broken down.
As rocks being moved by wind hit other rocks, the rocks being hit are broken down.
As pressure from the earth’s crust increases, the top layer of the rock cracks.
As pressure from the earth’s crust increases, the top layer of the rock cracks.
Question
How is chemical weathering different from physical weathering?(1 point)
Responses
Chemical weathering results in the breakdown of rock, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering results in the breakdown of rock, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering involves plants and animals, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering involves plants and animals, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering forms new substances, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering forms new substances, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering requires a reaction with water, while physical weathering does not.
Chemical weathering requires a reaction with water, while physical weathering does not.
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7 answers
Here are the best responses for each question based on geological principles:
The Andes mountains formed due to a convergent boundary.
A ridge forms when two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing lava to spew out of the ground and harden.
Tectonic plates on Earth’s surface move because the heat from Earth’s core moves molten rock beneath the plates.
Earthquakes normally occur at the edges of tectonic plates.
Hawaii's chain of islands is moving toward the Northwest.
The effects of root wedging are that as plant roots in cracks of rocks grow, the crack grows as well.
Chemical weathering is different from physical weathering in that chemical weathering forms new substances, while physical weathering does not.
What are two examples of chemical weathering?(1 point)
Responses
exfoliation and hydrolysis
exfoliation and hydrolysis
hydrolysis and oxidation
hydrolysis and oxidation
oxidation and frost wedging
oxidation and frost wedging
abrasion and carbonation
abrasion and carbonation
How do mineral deposits form at divergent ocean plate boundaries?(1 point)
Responses
Metals dissolve in superheated water, forming minerals when the water cools.
Metals dissolve in superheated water, forming minerals when the water cools.
Underground heated water pulls minerals through cracks in the crust, forming veins of minerals.
Underground heated water pulls minerals through cracks in the crust, forming veins of minerals.
Deep underground minerals are lifted up by land movement and exposed by weathering and erosion.
Deep underground minerals are lifted up by land movement and exposed by weathering and erosion.
Heat and pressure change the chemical composition of rocks to form minerals.
Since the 1700s, petroleum has been used as fuel for boats, cars, buses, and trains. In addition to this, petroleum is also used to create plastic products. Billions of barrels of petroleum are used every year for these purposes. Meanwhile, the creation of petroleum takes hundreds of millions of years.
What can you conclude about petroleum from the information given in the passage?
(1 point)
Responses
Petroleum, like metal ore, requires heat and pressure to be made.
Petroleum, like metal ore, requires heat and pressure to be made.
Petroleum is a nonrenewable resource.
Petroleum is a nonrenewable resource.
Petroleum is created using vehicles like boats and cars.
Petroleum is created using vehicles like boats and cars.
Petroleum will never run out.
Here are the best responses for each question based on geological principles:
Two examples of chemical weathering are hydrolysis and oxidation.
Mineral deposits form at divergent ocean plate boundaries when metals dissolve in superheated water, forming minerals when the water cools.
From the information given in the passage, you can conclude that petroleum is a nonrenewable resource.
Question
A student claims that earthquakes are more destructive than tsunamis. In one or two sentences, explain at least two reasons that support the student’s claim.(2 points)
Earthquakes can cause widespread destruction to buildings, infrastructure, and landscapes almost instantaneously due to the intense ground shaking and potential for secondary effects like landslides and fires. Additionally, the immediate impact of an earthquake can lead to significant loss of life and injuries, while tsunamis, though devastating, usually occur in coastal areas and may affect fewer people and infrastructure directly, depending on their location and preparation efforts.
A satellite image of a river delta. On the bottom right side of the photograph is land with mountains and trees. A river comes from the bottom of the image and goes upwards. On the top right of the image is a body of water. As the river enters the body of water, it branches out into several smaller streams of water. At the locations where the river enters the body of water, there is a light-colored substance.
The image is a photograph of the Yukon River delta in Alaska. Describe how the delta could be changed over time.
Over time, the Yukon River delta could undergo several changes due to natural processes and human activities.
Sediment Accumulation: The light-colored substance at the river’s mouth likely consists of sediment deposited as the river slows down upon entering the body of water. Over time, continued sediment deposition can lead to the expansion of the delta, creating new land areas and altering the landscape.
Erosion and Shifting Channels: Natural processes like wave action and currents from the body of water can erode parts of the delta and shift the river's channels. This could lead to changes in the delta's shape and size, as some areas of sediment may wash away while others build up.
Vegetation Growth: As sediment accumulates and stabilizes, plant life could establish itself, leading to increased biodiversity and changing the ecological makeup of the delta. Over time, forests or wetlands may develop, which can further influence the hydrology of the area.
Climate Change Impact: Changes in climate, such as increased rainfall or melting glaciers, could alter the water flow of the Yukon River, affecting sediment transport and deposition rates in the delta. This could lead to more frequent flooding, changes in vegetation, and possibly shifts in local wildlife habitats.
Human Activities: If human development occurs in the area, activities such as mining, construction, or land reclamation could significantly alter the river's flow and sediment deposition patterns, impacting the natural processes that shape the delta.
Overall, the Yukon River delta is dynamic and will continue to evolve through a combination of natural forces and human influences.
1 answer