To simplify \( \frac{5}{12} \sqrt{16} \):
First, calculate \( \sqrt{16} = 4 \).
Now substitute this value back into the expression:
\[ \frac{5}{12} \cdot 4 = \frac{5 \cdot 4}{12} = \frac{20}{12} = \frac{5}{3} \]
Since \( \frac{5}{3} \) is a fraction of two integers, it is a rational number.
Thus, the correct choice is:
Rational because both factors are rational.