Sure! Here are the definitions in my own words:
Clauses: A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb. Clauses can be independent (able to stand alone as a sentence) or dependent (not able to stand on their own and usually starting with a conjunction).
Complex sentence: A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. This type of sentence combines a complete thought with additional information that cannot stand alone.
Compound-complex sentence: A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. This structure allows the combination of multiple related ideas in a single sentence.
Dependent clause: A dependent clause is a part of a sentence that has a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete thought. It relies on an independent clause to give it meaning.
Independent clause: An independent clause is a complete thought that contains a subject and a verb and can function as a standalone sentence.
Phrases: A phrase is a group of words that work together as a unit but do not contain both a subject and a verb. Phrases can act as different parts of speech within a sentence.
Possessive pronoun: A possessive pronoun is a word that shows ownership or possession, indicating that something belongs to someone, such as "his," "her," "its," "our," "their," and "my."
Pronoun: A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence to avoid repetition and provide clarity. Examples include "he," "she," "it," "they," "you," and "them."