When humans developed domestication, several significant changes occurred in their societies and lifestyles:
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Establishment of Settlements: People began to build permanent houses and form stable communities, leading to the rise of villages and eventually cities. This shift from nomadic lifestyles facilitated the development of social structures and complex societies.
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Division of Labor: With the advent of farming and domestication, tasks became more specialized. This often led to a division of labor based on gender, with certain roles traditionally associated with men and others with women. In many societies, farming became a task that women often undertook.
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Herding and Animal Husbandry: Some groups of people started to focus on herding domesticated animals, which complemented agricultural practices. This not only provided a reliable source of food but also other resources such as wool, milk, and labor.
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Increased Food Production: Domestication allowed for more reliable and abundant food sources, which supported larger populations and contributed to population growth.
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Changes in Social Organization: The increased food supply led to the accumulation of surplus, which resulted in trade and the development of social hierarchies and class structures. Wealth became more centralized, leading to the establishment of leaders and governance.
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Cultural Development: With more stable living conditions, people had the opportunity to engage in cultural practices, create art, establish religions, and develop technologies.
While the significance of farming varied across different regions, overall, domestication played a critical role in the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural societies, paving the way for the development of civilizations.