The reasons for exploration during the age of discovery and colonial expansion, particularly by Great Britain and other European powers, can be summarized by the following key motivations:
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God: Many explorers and colonizers were driven by a desire to spread Christianity and convert indigenous peoples to their faith. This was especially true for missions associated with countries like Spain and Portugal, but also influenced British efforts.
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Gold: The search for precious metals and wealth in the form of gold, silver, and other resources motivated many explorers. Economic gain was a primary driver, as nations sought to enhance their wealth through trade and resource extraction.
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Glory: National pride and personal fame were significant motivators. Explorers sought to achieve recognition and acclaim for their adventures and discoveries, which contributed to national competition and rivalry among European powers.
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Imperialism (Empire Building): The expansion of territories and the establishment of colonies were central to national strategies for increasing power and influence. Nations sought to assert control over new lands and peoples.
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Mercantilism (Economics): The economic theory of mercantilism favored the accumulation of wealth through trade, colonization, and the establishment of trade routes. Nations believed that to become prosperous, they needed to control trade and resources in various regions.
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Wealth: Beyond gold, wealth also encompassed the desire to control valuable commodities such as spices, sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which could be highly profitable in European markets.
These motivations were often interrelated and collectively shaped the patterns of exploration and colonization during the period from the late 15th century through the early 20th century.