The Mexican Revolution, which began in 1910, drew to a close under President Venustiano Carranza for several reasons:
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Constitution of 1917: One of Carranza's significant contributions to ending the revolution was the drafting and implementation of the Constitution of 1917, which addressed key social and political issues. It included land reform, labor rights, and restrictions on foreign ownership of land and resources. This constitution provided a legal framework that helped stabilize the country and gave legitimacy to Carranza's government.
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Consolidation of Power: Carranza managed to consolidate power by defeating various revolutionary factions that opposed him, including the forces of Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata. By establishing a government that could maintain order and control, he effectively diminished the ongoing conflict that characterized the revolution.
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Shift in Revolutionary Goals: Over time, the goals of the revolution became more defined and less radical. Many leaders and factions shifted their focus towards governance and the implementation of reforms rather than continuous armed conflict. This transition allowed for a reduction in violence and a movement towards national stability.
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International Context: The international context of the time, including the impact of World War I and the need for economic stability, also played a role. Carranza sought foreign recognition and investment, which required a stable political environment.
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Military Defeat of Opposition: Carranza's forces, known as the Constitutional Army, engaged in military campaigns against rival factions. His success in defeating key opponents weakened the revolutionary movement as a whole.
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National Unity and Governance: By promoting national unity and focusing on governance rather than revolution, Carranza's administration was able to appeal to a broader segment of the population who sought peace and security after years of conflict.
While Carranza's presidency did not completely resolve all the issues stemming from the revolution, his leadership and the establishment of the 1917 Constitution played a crucial role in bringing an end to the widespread hostilities and laying the groundwork for future political developments in Mexico.