To differentiate between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of viral replication:
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Lysogenic Cycle:
- The virus injects its DNA (or RNA) into the host cell.
- The viral DNA integrates into the host cell's genome and becomes a provirus.
- The host cell continues to replicate normally, copying both its own DNA and the viral DNA without producing new viruses immediately.
- The viral genome can remain dormant for extended periods, and it can be activated under certain conditions to enter the lytic cycle.
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Lytic Cycle:
- The virus injects its genetic material into the host cell.
- The host cell then begins to produce viral components (proteins and new viral genomes) rather than its own.
- Once enough viral components are produced, the cell assembles new viruses.
- Eventually, the host cell is destroyed (lysed), releasing new viral particles to infect other cells.
Based on this information, the most pertinent responses to differentiate the two cycles are:
- The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle. (True for the lytic cycle, as it leads to cell death.)
- The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle. (Reflects the initiation of both cycles, but is specific to the lysogenic cycle initiation.)
In summary, the lysogenic cycle involves integration and dormancy without immediate destruction, whereas the lytic cycle leads to active replication and cell death.
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