Using a cathode ray tube, Thomson confirmed that

Question

atoms must have an overall positive charge.
atoms include particles that have a negative charge.
electrons in atoms must have varying amounts of energy.
electrons are only found in the nucleus.

Answer 1

Using a cathode ray tube, J.J. Thomson confirmed that atoms include particles that have a negative charge. This discovery led to the identification of electrons as subatomic particles, establishing that atoms are made up of smaller charged components. Thomson's experiments demonstrated that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles (electrons), which fundamentally changed the understanding of atomic structure at the time.