Plastic Surgery

Question

A. Gautam

Illustration of Sushruta
Dramatic media portrayals often offer glimpses of science that are hard to believe. This applies to the medical field of plastic surgery as well. Many myths surround this specialty, and people know few facts about it. Plastic surgery is a centuries-old medical specialty like many specialties otherwise taken seriously by people. The surgeons who perform these procedures are highly trained experts.

The word “plastic” comes from Greek plastikē meaning “reshaping” or the art of modeling malleable flesh. The first such surgeries were done in India in 800 BC. Physician Sushruta made tremendous contributions to plastic and cataract surgery. An ancient method of nose reconstruction became famous worldwide resulting in works of Sushruta, the Father of Plastic Surgery, being translated into Arabic, which reached Europe. British physicians traveled to India to study rhinoplasty (plastic surgery on the nose) for many years. One such surgeon, Joseph Constantine Carpue performed the first major plastic surgery in Europe in 1815.

Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty for restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. There are two main categories: reconstructive and cosmetic. Reconstructive surgery reconstructs a part of the body. It also improves a body part’s function. Cosmetic surgery improves the appearance of a body part.

One of the myths that damages the reputation of the field is that only vain people undergo plastic surgery. However, many require reconstructive and cosmetic surgery for health reasons. Taking steps for better health doesn’t make an individual shallow. Some require surgery for reconstructive reasons like birth defects for aesthetic as well as functional purposes. In addition, fixing problems like a cleft palate helps people feel the best about themselves and boosts their self-confidence for a greater overall quality of life. The philosophy behind the practice of plastic surgery is repair, functionality and good results after the procedure, not just vanity.
Question
Which of the following is the best summary of the article?
Responses
A Plastic surgery originated in ancient India, with Sushruta making significant contributions to both plastic and cataract surgery. Rhinoplasty, or nose reconstruction, became widely known, and British physicians traveled to India to study it. Joseph Constantine Carpue performed the first major plastic surgery in Europe in 1815. The article emphasizes the historical development of plastic surgery and how it spread from India to Europe.Plastic surgery originated in ancient India, with Sushruta making significant contributions to both plastic and cataract surgery. Rhinoplasty, or nose reconstruction, became widely known, and British physicians traveled to India to study it. Joseph Constantine Carpue performed the first major plastic surgery in Europe in 1815. The article emphasizes the historical development of plastic surgery and how it spread from India to Europe.
B Plastic surgery has both reconstructive and cosmetic purposes, with the primary goal being the restoration of function and improvement of appearance. Many people undergo these surgeries for health reasons, including correcting birth defects or injuries. The field is not just about vanity, and the article stresses how plastic surgeons are highly trained experts. Ancient contributions, especially from Sushruta in India, are mentioned, but the focus is on modern plastic surgery’s role in improving quality of life.Plastic surgery has both reconstructive and cosmetic purposes, with the primary goal being the restoration of function and improvement of appearance. Many people undergo these surgeries for health reasons, including correcting birth defects or injuries. The field is not just about vanity, and the article stresses how plastic surgeons are highly trained experts. Ancient contributions, especially from Sushruta in India, are mentioned, but the focus is on modern plastic surgery’s role in improving quality of life.
C The word “plastic” is derived from the Greek term for reshaping, which highlights the main idea of plastic surgery—molding and reconstructing the body. The article explores the contributions of Sushruta, whose work on rhinoplasty influenced both India and Europe. Joseph Constantine Carpue performed the first major European plastic surgery in 1815. While modern plastic surgery is briefly mentioned, the focus is primarily on its ancient roots.The word “plastic” is derived from the Greek term for reshaping, which highlights the main idea of plastic surgery—molding and reconstructing the body. The article explores the contributions of Sushruta, whose work on rhinoplasty influenced both India and Europe. Joseph Constantine Carpue performed the first major European plastic surgery in 1815. While modern plastic surgery is briefly mentioned, the focus is primarily on its ancient roots.
D British physicians studied ancient Indian methods of rhinoplasty after learning about the work of Sushruta. Joseph Constantine Carpue, who studied these methods, is known for performing one of the first major plastic surgeries in Europe. The translation of Sushruta’s work into Arabic played a major role in spreading knowledge of plastic surgery to Europe. The article discusses these historical contributions in detail, with little attention to modern plastic surgery.British physicians studied ancient Indian methods of rhinoplasty after learning about the work of Sushruta. Joseph Constantine Carpue, who studied these methods, is known for performing one of the first major plastic surgeries in Europe. The translation of Sushruta’s work into Arabic played a major role in spreading knowledge of plastic surgery to Europe. The article discusses these historical contributions in detail, with little attention to modern plastic surgery.

Answer 1

The best summary of the article is:

B: Plastic surgery has both reconstructive and cosmetic purposes, with the primary goal being the restoration of function and improvement of appearance. Many people undergo these surgeries for health reasons, including correcting birth defects or injuries. The field is not just about vanity, and the article stresses how plastic surgeons are highly trained experts. Ancient contributions, especially from Sushruta in India, are mentioned, but the focus is on modern plastic surgery’s role in improving quality of life.

This option captures the main themes of the article, including the distinction between reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, the importance of health reasons, the expertise of plastic surgeons, and the historical context provided by Sushruta's contributions.