The chemical formula \( \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \) represents carbonic acid itself. However, in terms of different compounds that can be represented by the same empirical formula, we usually consider the different structural forms or isomers that could theoretically exist.
In this case, carbonic acid does not typically have isomers in the traditional sense, as it is a specific compound. Therefore, the formula \( \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \) represents one compound: carbonic acid.
The correct response is 1.
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