Background and Importance

Gender-based violence (GBV), which can take many different forms, including emotional abuse, harassment, and sexual assault, is a serious problem on university campuses throughout the world. According to UNESCO (2024), these actions have a major effect on students' academic achievement, general campus safety, and well-being. The startlingly high rate of GBV among students in South Africa underscores the pressing need for thorough investigation to identify the underlying causes (University World News, 2024). The purpose of this study is to investigate the institutional, sociocultural and economic elements that support gender-based violence in higher education settings.

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Context and Significance

Gender-based violence (GBV) encompasses a range of abusive behaviors such as emotional misuse, harassment, and sexual assault, and it poses a significant challenge on university campuses around the globe. The impact of these acts on students’ academic performance, overall campus security, and mental health is profound, as highlighted by UNESCO (2024). In South Africa, the alarming prevalence of GBV among the student population accentuates the urgent need for in-depth research to uncover the root causes (University World News, 2024). This study aims to explore the institutional, sociocultural, and economic factors that contribute to the persistence of gender-based violence in higher education environments.