How did the environment of Arabia serve as a form of protection during much of the region's history?

Question

It's fertile oases enabled farmers to grow enough food for themselves and for sale
It's extreme heat and arid conditions kept invaders from attacking settlements
It's landlocked location prevented traders from bringing in foreign goods
It's mountainous regions kept farmers from Mesopotamian from moving in for better land

Answer 1

The environment of Arabia served as a form of protection primarily due to its extreme heat and arid conditions, which kept invaders from attacking settlements. The harsh climate, including vast deserts and limited water sources, made large-scale invasions and sustained military campaigns difficult. This natural barrier helped to deter many would-be conquerors and contributed to the relative isolation of certain regions within the Arabian Peninsula, allowing local populations to develop their own cultures and societies with less external interference.

While other factors mentioned, such as mountainous regions and fertile oases, played important roles in the development of societies within Arabia, the extreme climate was particularly significant in discouraging large scale invasions.