Question
lonic bonding occurs when
a metal transfers one or more electrons
to a nonmetal in an effort t o attain a stable octet of electrons. For example, the transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine can be depicted by a Lewis dot diagram.
Na
+
→ Na+Cl
Calcium would need two chlorine atoms to get rid of its two valence electrons. •Ca
Show the transfer of electrons in the following combinations. 1. K + F
2 . M1 g + 1
3. Be + S
4. No +0
Al + Br
Chemistry IF8766
38
©Instructlonal Fair, Inc.
a metal transfers one or more electrons
to a nonmetal in an effort t o attain a stable octet of electrons. For example, the transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine can be depicted by a Lewis dot diagram.
Na
+
→ Na+Cl
Calcium would need two chlorine atoms to get rid of its two valence electrons. •Ca
Show the transfer of electrons in the following combinations. 1. K + F
2 . M1 g + 1
3. Be + S
4. No +0
Al + Br
Chemistry IF8766
38
©Instructlonal Fair, Inc.
Answers
GPT-4o mini
I can help provide a conceptual overview of the ionic bonding process and illustrate the electron transfer for the combinations you’ve listed using Lewis dot diagrams.
### 1. K + F
**Potassium (K)** has 1 valence electron, and **Fluorine (F)** has 7 valence electrons. Potassium will transfer its 1 electron to Fluorine.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{K}: \cdot \quad \text{F}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{K}^+: \quad \text{F}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \text{F} \]
### 2. Mg + I
**Magnesium (Mg)** has 2 valence electrons and **Iodine (I)** has 7 valence electrons. Magnesium will transfer both electrons to two Iodine atoms.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Mg}: \cdot \cdot \quad \text{I}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Mg}^{2+}: \quad \text{I}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \text{I}^-: \]
### 3. Be + S
**Beryllium (Be)** has 2 valence electrons, and **Sulfur (S)** has 6 valence electrons. Beryllium will transfer both of its electrons to Sulfur.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Be}: \cdot \cdot \quad \text{S}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Be}^{2+}: \quad \text{S}^{2-}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
### 4. Na + O
**Sodium (Na)** has 1 valence electron, and **Oxygen (O)** has 6 valence electrons. Sodium will transfer its electron to Oxygen.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Na}: \cdot \quad \text{O}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Na}^+: \quad \text{O}^{2-}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
### 5. Al + Br
**Aluminum (Al)** has 3 valence electrons, and **Bromine (Br)** has 7 valence electrons. Aluminum will transfer all three of its electrons to three Bromine atoms.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Al}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \quad \text{Br}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Al}^{3+}: \quad \text{Br}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \quad \text{Br}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
In summary, ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from metals to nonmetals, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
### 1. K + F
**Potassium (K)** has 1 valence electron, and **Fluorine (F)** has 7 valence electrons. Potassium will transfer its 1 electron to Fluorine.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{K}: \cdot \quad \text{F}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{K}^+: \quad \text{F}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \text{F} \]
### 2. Mg + I
**Magnesium (Mg)** has 2 valence electrons and **Iodine (I)** has 7 valence electrons. Magnesium will transfer both electrons to two Iodine atoms.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Mg}: \cdot \cdot \quad \text{I}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Mg}^{2+}: \quad \text{I}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \text{I}^-: \]
### 3. Be + S
**Beryllium (Be)** has 2 valence electrons, and **Sulfur (S)** has 6 valence electrons. Beryllium will transfer both of its electrons to Sulfur.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Be}: \cdot \cdot \quad \text{S}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Be}^{2+}: \quad \text{S}^{2-}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
### 4. Na + O
**Sodium (Na)** has 1 valence electron, and **Oxygen (O)** has 6 valence electrons. Sodium will transfer its electron to Oxygen.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Na}: \cdot \quad \text{O}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Na}^+: \quad \text{O}^{2-}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
### 5. Al + Br
**Aluminum (Al)** has 3 valence electrons, and **Bromine (Br)** has 7 valence electrons. Aluminum will transfer all three of its electrons to three Bromine atoms.
- Before transfer:
\[ \text{Al}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \quad \text{Br}: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
- After transfer:
\[ \text{Al}^{3+}: \quad \text{Br}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \quad \text{Br}^-: \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \]
In summary, ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from metals to nonmetals, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.