To find the equation that represents the number of residents \( r \) surveyed and the total number of residents surveyed, we start with the information provided:
Two-fifths of the respondents said they like spending their vacation at the beach, and this is equal to 80 residents.
We can express this relationship mathematically as:
\[ \frac{2}{5} r = 80 \]
Now, to solve for \( r \), we can multiply both sides of the equation by the reciprocal of \(\frac{2}{5}\), which is \(\frac{5}{2}\):
\[ r = 80 \times \frac{5}{2} = 80 \times 2.5 = 200 \]
Thus, the number of residents surveyed is \( 200 \).
The correct equation is \(\frac{2}{5} r = 80\), and the total number of residents surveyed is \( 200 \).
So the correct response is: Start Fraction 2 over 5 End Fraction r equals 80; 200 residents were surveyed.