In the picture, what are the action and reaction forces?

In the scenario you've described, the action and reaction forces are related to Newton's Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

1. When the book pushes down on the table (action), the table pushes up on the book with an equal and opposite force (reaction).

2. The force of gravity pulling the book down is an action, and the normal force of the table pushing up on the book is the reaction.

Thus, the correct statement regarding action and reaction forces from your options is:

**The book pushes down on the table, and the table pushes up on the book.**

This reflects the correct pair of action and reaction forces according to Newton's Third Law.