While I don’t have access to your specific science textbook, I can provide two widely recognized examples of what we have learned from space exploration that are often covered in educational materials:
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Understanding of Climate Change: Space exploration has significantly advanced our understanding of Earth's climate. Satellites, such as NASA's Earth Observing System, provide crucial data on atmospheric composition, temperature changes, and ice cap melting. This information helps scientists track climate patterns and better predict future changes, thereby informing global climate policy and environmental planning.
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The Origin of Water in the Solar System: Exploration of other celestial bodies, particularly through missions like the Mars rovers and the study of comets and asteroids, has provided insights into the origins and distribution of water in the solar system. Discoveries of frozen water on Mars and the presence of water-rich minerals on asteroids have contributed to our understanding of where water can be found beyond Earth and its role in the potential for life elsewhere in the cosmos.
These examples illustrate the vital contributions of space exploration to scientific knowledge and our understanding of our own planet as well as the broader universe.