Let's analyze the statements comparing the government systems of Sparta and Carthage:
1. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments both used a council. The Spartan senate used 500 elected officials while the council of Carthage had 28 elected officials.**
- This statement is **partially inaccurate**. Sparta had a council known as the Gerousia, which had 28 members (not 500), plus the two kings. Carthage had a council known as the Council of Ancients, which had 30 members.
2. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments both had two leaders. The Spartan government had hereditary kings while the Carthaginian government had elected leaders.**
- This statement is **accurate**. Sparta had two hereditary kings, while Carthage had elected officials serving in leadership roles (suffetes).
3. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments both had an assembly. The Spartan government elected citizens in the assembly while the Carthage government did not.**
- This statement is **partially accurate**. Sparta had an assembly (the Apella) where male citizens could participate, while Carthage had a popular assembly that also included the participation of citizens, including the elected officials of the assembly.
4. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments were both oligarchies. Carthage focused more on military matters and Sparta focused more on democracy.**
- This statement is **inaccurate**. Both Sparta and Carthage had oligarchical elements, but Sparta is often characterized as a militaristic society with a strong focus on its warrior class rather than democracy. Carthage also had a strong military focus, especially in its conflicts with Rome.
In summary, the second statement is a strong and accurate comparison, while the others contain inaccuracies or lack nuance.