To compare \(5.12 \times 10^1\) and \(5.12 \times 10^2\), we can evaluate their values:
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Calculate \(5.12 \times 10^1\): \[ 5.12 \times 10^1 = 5.12 \times 10 = 51.2 \]
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Calculate \(5.12 \times 10^2\): \[ 5.12 \times 10^2 = 5.12 \times 100 = 512 \]
Now we can see that: \[ 51.2 < 512 \]
Thus, the correct inequality to fill in the blank is: \[ 5.12 \times 10^1 < 5.12 \times 10^2 \]
So the complete statement is: \[ 5.12 \times 10^1 < 5.12 \times 10^2 \]