The most likely explanation for the results is:
Naveed’s object had greater kinetic energy.
This conclusion is based on the observation that Naveed's object made a deeper hole in the sand (4.0 cm) compared to Maddie's object (1.8 cm). Since both objects were dropped from the same height, Naveed's object must have had greater kinetic energy when it impacted the sand, leading to a greater depth of penetration.