The Great Atlantic Migration, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, can be explained by a combination of push and pull factors. From the options provided, several could contribute to a theoretical explanation, but the most complete theory would likely include a combination of:
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Economic push factors in Europe resulting from crop failures - This would lead people to leave their homelands in search of better opportunities elsewhere.
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Political push factors in Europe due to governmental instability - People may flee due to conflict or lack of governmental support.
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Economic pull factors in the U.S. due to industrial growth - The booming economy in the U.S. offered jobs and opportunities that attracted migrants.
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Environmental pull factors in the U.S. held a desirable climate - This could also play a role, but it is less central than the economic factors during this period.
In summary, the most relevant forms for a theory explaining the Great Atlantic Migration would lean towards the economic and political push factors in Europe, coupled with economic pull factors in the U.S.