Why was the geocentric model of the solar system accepted by scientists for many years? Select the two correct answers.(1 point) Responses The model accurately predicted the movements of the planets. The model accurately predicted the movements of the planets. The model described the solar system correctly. The model described the solar system correctly. Observations with telescopes confirmed the predictions made using the model. Observations with telescopes confirmed the predictions made using the model. Suitable technology was not available to disprove the model.

The two correct answers are:

1. The model accurately predicted the movements of the planets.
2. Suitable technology was not available to disprove the model.

These points explain why the geocentric model was accepted for so long, as it provided reasonable predictions for the observable movements of celestial bodies, and the lack of advanced observational technology made it difficult to challenge its validity effectively.

Which statements about geocentric model and heliocentric model are true? Select the two correct answers.(1 point) Responses They both are models of the solar system. They both are models of the solar system. They both show the position of Earth relative to the Sun. They both show the position of Earth relative to the Sun. They both show Earth at the center of the solar system. They both show Earth at the center of the solar system. They both show the Sun at the center of the solar system.

The two correct answers are:

1. They both are models of the solar system.
2. They both show the position of Earth relative to the Sun.

These statements are true because both the geocentric and heliocentric models are frameworks used to understand the structure of the solar system, and both involve the relationships between Earth and the Sun, although they differ in their central focus (Earth in the geocentric model and the Sun in the heliocentric model).

Which statement describes the area swept out by a line between a planet and the sun at equal times as the planet moves along its orbit?(1 point) Responses It changes shape but always remains constant. It changes shape but always remains constant. It decreases as the planet moves closer to the sun. It decreases as the planet moves closer to the sun. It is proportional to the distance between the sun and the planet. It is proportional to the distance between the sun and the planet. It increases as the planet moves closer to the sun.

The correct statement is:

**It changes shape but always remains constant.**

This statement refers to Kepler's second law of planetary motion, which states that a line segment joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. This means that, while the shape of the area may vary as the planet moves along its elliptical orbit, the area covered in equal time intervals remains constant.

Where is the sun located on Earth’s elliptical orbit?(1 point) Responses at the center of the two foci at the center of the two foci at the perihelium at the perihelium at the aphelium at the aphelium at a focus

The correct response is:

**at a focus.**

In an elliptical orbit, the Sun is located at one of the two foci of the ellipse, not at the center or at the perihelium or aphelium.

How does Kepler’s third law compare the periods and orbital radii of two planets within a solar system?(1 point) Responses The cube of the ratio of the periods equals the square of the ratio of the radii. The cube of the ratio of the periods equals the square of the ratio of the radii. The ratio of the periods equals the square of the ratio of the radii. The ratio of the periods equals the square of the ratio of the radii. The square of the ratio of the periods equals the ratio of the radii. The square of the ratio of the periods equals the ratio of the radii. The square of the ratio of the periods equals the cube of the ratio of the radii.

The correct response is:

**The square of the ratio of the periods equals the cube of the ratio of the radii.**

This is expressed mathematically as \( \left(\frac{T_1}{T_2}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{r_1}{r_2}\right)^3 \), where \( T \) represents the orbital periods of the planets and \( r \) represents their average distances from the Sun.

Which of the following is the best definition of Newton's theory of universal gravitation?(1 point) Responses Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses increase and the distance between them decreases. Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses increase and the distance between them decreases. Every object is attracted to the Earth with a force that increases with increasing mass and distance. Every object is attracted to the Earth with a force that increases with increasing mass and distance. Every object is pulled downward with a force that increases as the height from which an object is dropped increases. Every object is pulled downward with a force that increases as the height from which an object is dropped increases. Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses decrease and the distance between them increases.

The best definition of Newton's theory of universal gravitation is:

**Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses increase and the distance between them decreases.**

This definition accurately captures the essence of Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the force of gravity between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.