To solve the equation \( x^2 = 78 \) by inspection, we can take the square root of both sides.
The solutions are:
\[ x = \sqrt{78} \quad \text{and} \quad x = -\sqrt{78} \]
Now, to express these solutions using exponents:
The lesser number is: \[ -\sqrt{78} = -78^{1/2} \]
The greater number is: \[ \sqrt{78} = 78^{1/2} \]
Thus, the two solutions, written with the lesser first, are: \[ -78^{1/2} \quad \text{and} \quad 78^{1/2} \]