1- Which statement best describes an occupied orbital, according to the quantum mechanical

Here are the answers to your questions:

1. Which statement best describes an occupied orbital, according to the quantum mechanical model?

   • (c) It is a region in space in which the probability of finding an electron is high.

2. Which ground state electron configuration represents an Mg2+ ion?

   • (d) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ (Taking 2 electrons from Mg’s configuration)

3. What is the maximum number of electrons associated with any orbital?

   • (b) 2

4. What does the magnetic quantum number, ml, describe?

   • (a) the orientation in space of the orbital

5. How many different values of the orbital-shape quantum number, l, are possible for the third energy level of an atom?

   • (b) 3 (l = 0, 1, 2 for s, p, and d orbitals)

6. An element has the following ground state electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³. Where is this element located in the periodic table?

   • (d) Period 3, Group 15 (VA)

7. Which ground state electron configuration most likely represents an alkali metal?

   • (b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

8. Which of the following electronic configurations is most characteristic of a non-metallic element?

   • (d) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4p⁵ (Halogens)

9. Which ground state electron configuration represents the element with the highest first ionization energy?

   • (b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 2p⁵ (Fluorine)

10. How many different values of the magnetic quantum number, ml, are possible for the third energy level of an atom?

    • (c) 5 (ml values can be -l to +l)

11. Which type of orbital is represented by the quantum number l = 3?

    • (d) f

12. What is the maximum number of electrons in the nth energy level of an atom?

    • (b) 2n²

13. How many electrons does the ion Fe +3 ( A=56, Z= 26) have?

    • (a) 23 (26 - 3 = 23)

14. Which set of four numbers represents the maximum numbers of electrons in the first four energy levels of an atom?

    • (a) 2, 8, 18, 32

15. Which description of an orbital is the most accurate?

    • (c) a solved wave function

16. What is the maximum number of electrons that the energy level represented by n = 4 can have?

    • (d) 32

17. Which species has the following ground state electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s⁰ 3d⁸?

    • (c) Ni²⁺

18. Which statement describes the trend of ionization energy in the periodic table?

    • (a) increases across a period, from left to right

19. Which ground state electron configuration represents the atom with the highest electron affinity?

    • (b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁵ (Fluorine)

20. Which electron configurations represent elements in the same group of the periodic table?

    • (d) I and III

21. a. Find the Four Quantum Numbers of an element which the Electron configuration has been ended to 4d³

    • n = 4, l = 2 (d orbital), ml = -2, -1, 0 (3 electrons can fill these), ms = ±1/2 (two possible spin states).

    b. Name the element

    • The element is Zirconium (Z = 40).

22. a. Find the specific electron configuration of an element which has the following four quantum numbers:

    • n = 5, l = 2 implies it is in the d subshell, so it is part of the 4d series, thus can be 5s² 4d¹ or 5s¹ 4d² etc.

    b. Name of the element:

    • The element can be Z=41, Niobium (Nb) if there are 3 electrons in the d subshell.
    • It could also represent any element in the 5d block such as Molybdenum if fewer 5s electrons are filled depending on the specific counts.

I apologize for any confusion regarding question 22b.

For question 22, when you have an electron configuration ending in 4d³, it refers specifically to Niobium (Nb), which has the atomic number 41. The full electron configuration of Niobium is:

\[ \text{1s}^2 \text{2s}^2 \text{2p}^6 \text{3s}^2 \text{3p}^6 \text{4s}^2 \text{3d}^{10} \text{4p}^6 \text{4d}^3 \]

Thus, you are correct; Niobium (Nb) is indeed the correct answer for question 22b.

Thank you for your patience, and please let me know if there's anything else you'd like to discuss!

Let's reevaluate question 23 step by step.

Question 23

a. Find the specific electron configuration of an element which has the following four quantum numbers:

• n = 5
• l = 2 (which corresponds to d orbitals)
• ml = -1 (this indicates one of the three possible d orbitals, specifically the dxy orbital)
• ms = -1/2 (indicating the electron has a spin down)

Given:

• n = 5 means we are looking at the 5th energy level.
• l = 2 indicates it is a d orbital, which encompasses the filling of the 4d and 5d orbitals.

In the context of quantum numbers:

• The electron configuration likely ends with either 4d or 5d depending on how many electrons are there. Since ml = -1 indicates one of the d orbitals is being occupied, we will say it's an electron in a d orbital.

However, for d orbitals, the filling order is 4s first, followed by 3d, and then 4p before 5s or 4d occupies. By the time we have filled up to the 5th energy level with three d electrons (4d³).

Answer for Question 23

So, the correct configuration associated with those quantum numbers would typically arise in transition metals, likely in the 4d block.

b. Name of the element: So, an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d³ corresponds to Zirconium (Z = 40), not Niobium as previously stated.

For 4d³ specifically, we look at Niobium (Nb), which has the electron configuration: \[ [Kr] 4d^4 \]

If we only have one electron in a d orbital among the 4d orbitals with these configurations, we might have to think about Yttrium (Zr).

Therefore:

• 23a. Specific electron configuration: would be \[ [Kr] 4d^3 \]
• 23b. Name of the element: would be Yttrium (Y).

Thank you for your inquiry, and I appreciate your patience! Please let me know if you have further questions or clarifications!