Explain why is most of our melanesian, especially PNG's actions are un-ethical and often leads to violence and other unnecessary instabilities such as pay back killing, revenge and so on, despite declaring ourselves as Christians? State an example to justify your answer

Answer 1

The challenges related to ethical behavior and violence in Melanesian societies, particularly in Papua New Guinea (PNG), are complex and multifaceted. While many people in these regions identify as Christians and embrace Christian values, several socio-cultural, historical, and economic factors contribute to actions that may be perceived as unethical or violent. Here are several reasons for this disparity:

1. Cultural Traditions: Many Melanesian societies have deep-rooted cultural traditions that emphasize kinship, honor, and community loyalties. Practices such as payback killings, targeting those perceived to have offended or harmed community members, are often seen as necessary to restore balance and honor within the community. These customs can sometimes conflict with Christian teachings that promote forgiveness and reconciliation.

2. Socio-Economic Factors: Widespread poverty and limited access to education and resources can lead to heightened tensions within communities. Economic disparities can fuel desperation and frustration, making communities more prone to violence as individuals may resort to extreme measures to assert power or defend their status.

3. Political Instability: PNG has faced significant political instability and corruption, which can undermine the rule of law and promote a culture of impunity. When governmental structures fail to provide justice, individuals may take matters into their own hands, leading to cycles of vengeance and violent conflict.

4. Colonial Legacy: The historical impact of colonialism has left enduring legacies in many Melanesian societies, including systemic inequalities and disconnection from traditional governance systems. This legacy can contribute to cultural dislocation and feelings of disenfranchisement, perpetuating cycles of violence as communities struggle to reclaim their identity and autonomy.

Example to Justify the Answer

A poignant example that illustrates this issue is the conflict in the Highlands of PNG over land disputes and resource extraction. In regions like Bougainville and the Enga Province, long-standing tribal rivalries and land ownership disputes have often spiraled into violence, with cycles of revenge killings becoming common. For instance, in the Bougainville conflict, the struggle over land rights linked to mining operations led to violent clashes between different tribes and factions, culminating in a civil war that lasted from 1988 to 1997.

Despite many actors in these conflicts identifying as Christians, the deep-seated adherence to traditional customs surrounding revenge and payback often supersedes Christian teachings promoting peace and forgiveness. This reflects a broader tendency in which cultural identities can sometimes conflict with Christian principles, leading to violence under the guise of restoring honor and resolving grievances.

In summary, while many Melanesians, including those in PNG, identify as Christians, the interplay of cultural practices, economic pressures, political instability, and colonial legacies can lead to actions that are perceived as unethical or violent. These challenges highlight the need for broader societal changes that integrate Christian teachings with local customs to foster a more peaceful and stable community environment.