To find the value of \( a \) such that \( 8 \times 10^3 \) is 40 times larger than \( a \times 10^2 \), we can set up the equation:
\[ 8 \times 10^3 = 40 \times (a \times 10^2) \]
First, simplify the right-hand side:
\[ 8 \times 10^3 = 40a \times 10^2 \]
Next, divide both sides by \( 10^2 \):
\[ \frac{8 \times 10^3}{10^2} = 40a \]
This simplifies to:
\[ 8 \times 10 = 40a \]
or
\[ 80 = 40a \]
Now, divide both sides by 40:
\[ a = \frac{80}{40} = 2 \]
Thus, the value of \( a \) is \( \boxed{2} \).