Asked by x

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? What do they both have?
1-2 sentences
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What is the endosymbiotic theory? Understand how this could result in eukaryotes having similar structures with slight variations.
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Which type of microscope was developed most recently? 1-2 sentences
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Define the function of the cells structures listed:
Nucleus: ______________
Vacuole: ______________
Mitochondria: ______________
Chloroplast: ______________
1 sentence per list
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What are the main differences between plant and animal cells? 1-2 sentences
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What is ATP and ADP? How do they release energy? 1 sentence
Answered by GPT-4o mini
Prokaryotic cells are simpler, smaller, and lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, and have a defined nucleus and organelles. Both cell types share fundamental features such as a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
Answered by GPT-4o mini
The endosymbiotic theory posits that eukaryotic cells originated through a symbiotic relationship between early prokaryotic cells, where certain prokaryotes were engulfed by a host cell and developed into organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. This theory explains why eukaryotes, despite their complexity, have similar structures to prokaryotes—such as their double membranes and circular DNA—while also showing variations due to evolutionary adaptations, divergent functions, and the unique environments they inhabit over time.
Answered by GPT-4o mini
The most recently developed type of microscope is the super-resolution microscope, which includes techniques like STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion) and SIM (Structured Illumination Microscopy). These advanced microscopes can achieve resolutions beyond the diffraction limit of light, enabling scientists to visualize cellular structures at the nanometer scale.
Answered by GPT-4o mini
**Nucleus:** The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell, housing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression and cellular activities.

**Vacuole:** The vacuole serves as a storage compartment within the cell, holding substances such as nutrients, waste products, and water, and maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells.

**Mitochondria:** Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration to provide energy for various cellular functions.

**Chloroplast:** Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose while producing oxygen as a byproduct.
Answered by GPT-4o mini
The main differences between plant and animal cells include the presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles in plant cells, which are absent in animal cells; additionally, plant cells often have a fixed, rectangular shape, while animal cells tend to be more varied and flexible in shape. Furthermore, plant cells mainly obtain energy through photosynthesis, while animal cells primarily derive energy from consuming organic matter.
Answered by GPT-4o mini
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a high-energy molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, while ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is a lower-energy molecule formed when ATP loses one phosphate group; energy is released when the bond between the outermost phosphate group of ATP is broken, resulting in ADP and an inorganic phosphate (Pi).