A movement in music generally refers to a self-contained section of a larger work, such as a symphony, sonata, or concerto. It can indeed involve a variety of components, including:
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Tempo Change: Movements can have different tempos that set the mood and feel of each section, with some movements being fast (allegro), slow (adagio), or somewhere in between.
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Repeating Theme: Many movements feature themes that are introduced, developed, and recapitulated. This thematic development invites complexity and variation, adding to the interest.
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Free-standing Piece: While movements are often parts of larger compositions, they can also stand alone. For example, a single movement can be composed as a separate work, exhibiting a complete musical idea or expression.
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Notational Device: In terms of notation, a movement is typically marked by breaks in the score, indicating a change in musical idea or character. Movements are often indicated with labels like I, II, III, etc., showing their place within a larger work.
Overall, a movement functions as both a structural unit and an expressive segment within music.