To determine whether the examples you provided exhibit characteristics of a chemical change, we need to consider whether the chemical makeup of the substances involved is altered.
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Popping and inflating a balloon: This is primarily a physical change. When a balloon pops, the air inside escapes, but the chemical makeup of the air and the materials of the balloon do not change. Inflating a balloon also does not alter the chemical composition of the air; it simply changes its volume and pressure.
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Dissolving sugar in water: This is also primarily a physical change. When sugar dissolves in water, it separates into individual sugar molecules, but the chemical composition of sugar and water remains unchanged. When the water evaporates, the sugar can be recovered in its original form.
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Mixing vinegar and baking soda: This is a chemical change. When vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) are mixed, they react to produce carbon dioxide gas (which causes fizzing), water, and sodium acetate. This reaction results in new substances being formed, indicating a change in chemical makeup.
In summary:
- Popping and inflating a balloon: Physical change
- Dissolving sugar in water: Physical change
- Mixing vinegar and baking soda: Chemical change (the chemical makeup changes).