_______. Volcanoes are a result of the magma bursting through the surface as _______. _______are also caused by the plates hitting each other.

Question

The opposite of convergent plates is a _______ plate. This is where the plates _______apart. Most divergent plates are in the _______. The gap is filled by magma _______to the surface. This forms an oceanic _______. East Africa’s Rift Valley is an example of a divergent boundary on land. Earthquakes are _______at divergent boundaries.

A _______plate boundary is where two plates slide past each other. The _______is cracked and torn, causing earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform boundary.

Movement at plate boundaries causes stress or _______on the rocks. The types of stress are compression, _______, and shear. A break in the Earth’s crust due to rock movement is called a _______.

Compression stress is caused by the plates _______together. One type of compression change is _______. Fold mountains, such as the Himalayas, are caused by two plates _______. In this case, an oceanic plate subducts _______the continental plate and an upper rock layer folds into mountains. Compression creates a reverse fault or _______ _______, where a block is pushed up.

Tension stress is caused by plates _______apart and _______the Earth’s crust, a divergent boundary. We see the results of tension stress in _______valleys, such as here in Iceland. Tension stress produces a _______fault, where a block drops down about the areas around it.

Shear stress is caused when rocks slip past each other, as found in transform boundaries. This is called a transform fault or a _______-_______ fault. The blocks of rock slide past each other _______.

Geologists discovered _______have many layers. These are sedimentary rocks, which form in _______ _______. They also discovered some mountain areas have rocks that are not in horizontal layers but are _______and angled.

Fill in this table to review fault and boundary type:
Type of
Boundary

Type of
Fault
Type of Pressure on Rock
How it
Moves
Surface Feature
Divergent
boundary
Normal Fault

Stretching apart
Basin and Range

boundary
Reverse or Thrust Fault
Compression
_______ ________
Himalayas and other mountains
Transform
boundary
_________ or ______ _____
Shear
Sideways horizontally
____ _______
_______

Word bank- you may use a word more than once

convergent
layers
stricke-slip
fault
rocks
tension
folded
san andreas
together
horizontal (ly)
squeezing
transform

Answer 1

Here’s the completed text with the appropriate words filled in from the word bank:

Volcanoes are a result of the magma bursting through the surface as rocks. Volcanoes are also caused by the plates hitting each other. The opposite of convergent plates is a divergent plate. This is where the plates move apart. Most divergent plates are in the oceans. The gap is filled by magma rising to the surface. This forms an oceanic ridge. East Africa’s Rift Valley is an example of a divergent boundary on land. Earthquakes are common at divergent boundaries.

A transform plate boundary is where two plates slide past each other. The crust is cracked and torn, causing earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform boundary.

Movement at plate boundaries causes stress or pressure on the rocks. The types of stress are compression, tension, and shear. A break in the Earth’s crust due to rock movement is called a fault.

Compression stress is caused by the plates pushing together. One type of compression change is squeezing. Fold mountains, such as the Himalayas, are caused by two plates colliding. In this case, an oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate and an upper rock layer folds into mountains. Compression creates a reverse fault or thrust fault, where a block is pushed up.

Tension stress is caused by plates pulling apart and stretching the Earth’s crust, a divergent boundary. We see the results of tension stress in rift valleys, such as here in Iceland. Tension stress produces a normal fault, where a block drops down about the areas around it.

Shear stress is caused when rocks slip past each other, as found in transform boundaries. This is called a transform fault or a strike-slip fault. The blocks of rock slide past each other horizontally.

Geologists discovered rocks have many layers. These are sedimentary rocks, which form in horizontal layers. They also discovered some mountain areas have rocks that are not in horizontal layers but are folded and angled.

Fill in this table to review fault and boundary type: | Type of Boundary | Type of Fault | Type of Pressure on Rock | How it Moves | Surface Feature | |-----------------------|------------------------|--------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------| | Divergent boundary | Normal Fault | Stretching apart | Basin and Range | | Convergent boundary | Reverse or Thrust Fault| Compression | Pushing Together | Himalayas and other mountains | | Transform boundary | Strike-slip or Slip Fault | Shear | Sideways horizontally | San Andreas Fault |

Feel free to ask more questions if you need further assistance!

Answer 2

The plate that subducts _______and the rock becomes magma. The magma is _______dense than the solid rock crust surrounding it and _______to the surface through cracks in the _______.

Answer 3

The plate that subducts beneath and the rock becomes magma. The magma is less dense than the solid rock crust surrounding it and rises to the surface through cracks in the crust.

Answer 4

Name the type of fault, type of pressure on rock, how it moves, and its surface feature.

divergent boundary, normal fault, _________, streaching apart, basin and raise
_____ boundary, reverse or thrust fault, compression, _____ ______ himayas and mountains
Transform boundary, _____ or ____ _____, shear, sideways horizontally, ____ ___ ______

Answer 5

Here’s the completed table with the appropriate terms filled in:

1. Divergent boundary, normal fault, tension, stretching apart, basin and range.
2. Convergent boundary, reverse or thrust fault, compression, fold mountains (e.g., Himalayas and other mountains).
3. Transform boundary, strike-slip or slip fault, shear, sideways horizontally, San Andreas Fault.

Let me know if you need any more help!

Answer 6

There are about _______ volcanoes on Earth and as many as _______earthquakes each year. Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur on the ______________which is around the rim of the _______Ocean. Most _______and volcanoes occur along plate _______, with most of them on the edge of the Pacific _______. Earthquakes occur when blocks of Earth’s crust grind and _______past each other at the _______. Energy is released _______in all _______. Volcanoes are the mountains created by lava deposits. When the molten rock is _______it is magma, once it comes to the _______it is lava.

In addition to volcanoes and earthquakes, _______boundaries frequently form _______. A trench is a deep _______on the ocean floor. When a continental plate meets an _______plate, the oceanic plate subducts (goes under) and the _______plates usually see folding on the surface. A deep valley (_______) is formed between the plates.

Volcanoes are relatively quick events that change Earth’s _______. Single-explosionb
volcanoes have drastic _______. Long, slow eruptions (by human standards) can create new _______. A volcanic eruption can blow off the top of the mountain and leave a _______or caldera behind. A _______, or a very hot portion of the mantle, will keep the _______under that area of the Earth’s crust _______. When the molten rock is beneath the surface we call it _______. Once it emerges onto the _______we call it lava. Crater Lake in Yellowstone National Park was formed in the _______left by a volcanic eruption.

word bank, you may use a word more than once
boundaries
directions
islands
plate
underground
canyon
earthquakes
magma
ring of fire
1500
changes
faults
oceanic
slip
14000
convergent
hot
outward
surface
crater
hotspot
pacific
trench(es)

Answer 7

Here's the text filled in using the word bank provided:

There are about 14000 volcanoes on Earth and as many as 1500 earthquakes each year. Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur on the Ring of Fire, which is around the rim of the Pacific Ocean. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur along plate boundaries, with most of them on the edge of the Pacific Plate. Earthquakes occur when blocks of Earth’s crust grind and slip past each other at the faults. Energy is released outward in all directions. Volcanoes are the mountains created by lava deposits. When the molten rock is underground, it is magma; once it comes to the surface, it is lava.

In addition to volcanoes and earthquakes, convergent boundaries frequently form trenches. A trench is a deep canyon on the ocean floor. When a continental plate meets an oceanic plate, the oceanic plate subducts (goes under), and the continental plates usually see folding on the surface. A deep valley (trench) is formed between the plates.

Volcanoes are relatively quick events that change Earth’s surface. Single-explosion volcanoes have drastic changes. Long, slow eruptions (by human standards) can create new islands. A volcanic eruption can blow off the top of the mountain and leave a crater or caldera behind. A hotspot, or a very hot portion of the mantle, will keep the magma under that area of the Earth’s crust underground. When the molten rock is beneath the surface, we call it magma. Once it emerges onto the surface, we call it lava. Crater Lake in Yellowstone National Park was formed in the crater left by a volcanic eruption.

If you need further assistance, feel free to ask!

Answer 8

Devil’s Tower in Wyoming is evidence of previous _______activity. The Palisades, a line of _______along the Hudson River separating New York and New Jersey, are the remains of volcanic rocks.
The Hawaiian _______were created by _______over a hotspot. The _______is stationary. As the Pacific Plate _______new areas of the plate surface move over the hotspot. The _______in the hotspot _______the crust and creates a _______. The Hawaiian volcanoes are primarily slow and gentle with _______of hot, glowing lava. Kilauea has erupted 34 times since 1952. In 2018 the eruptions covered some areas with up to 180 feet of _______and added 875 acres of new land to the _______where it flowed offshore. The big island of Hawaii looks different with every _______of Kilauea. The Lo’ihi Seamount is the site of a new eruption point over the hotspot. It will eventually form a new island.

_______are sudden movements in the Earth’s _______. Most occur around the _______Rim in the Ring of Fire. They occur at plate _______and along _______lines. Energy is sent out in all directions as _______waves. _______can happen on dry land or the ocean floor. Earthquakes that occur on the _______can cause a tsunami. _______are not tidal waves and not caused by the tides. Tsunamis are ocean waves caused by underwater _______, such as earthquakes and underwater _______. As the wave travels over _______water it stays small, just a few centimeters high. When the _______approaches land the water slows and bunches up into _______waves, which cause a lot of destruction when they rush onshore.

Earthquakes and _______both change Earth’s _______. _______open large cracks or cause blocks of _______to rise up or sink. This can result in landslides and cliffs collapsing. Tsunamis _______beaches and other coastal areas.

Word bank- you may use a word more than once

boundaries
earthquakes
island(s)
moves
surface
Wave
cliffs
erode
land
pacific
tall
crust
eruption
landslides
rivers
tsunamis
deep
fault
lava
seafloor
volcanic
disturbances
hotspot
magma melts
seismic
volcanoes(s)

Answer 9

Here's the text completed with the appropriate words from the word bank:

Devil’s Tower in Wyoming is evidence of previous volcanic activity. The Palisades, a line of cliffs along the Hudson River separating New York and New Jersey, are the remains of volcanic rocks. The Hawaiian islands were created by eruption over a hotspot. The hotspot is stationary. As the Pacific Plate moves, new areas of the plate surface move over the hotspot. The magma in the hotspot melts the crust and creates a volcano. The Hawaiian volcanoes are primarily slow and gentle with flows of hot, glowing lava. Kilauea has erupted 34 times since 1952. In 2018, the eruptions covered some areas with up to 180 feet of lava and added 875 acres of new land to the land where it flowed offshore. The big island of Hawaii looks different with every eruption of Kilauea. The Lo’ihi Seamount is the site of a new eruption point over the hotspot. It will eventually form a new island.

Earthquakes are sudden movements in the Earth’s crust. Most occur around the Pacific Rim in the Ring of Fire. They occur at plate boundaries and along fault lines. Energy is sent out in all directions as seismic waves. Tsunamis can happen on dry land or the ocean floor. Earthquakes that occur on the seafloor can cause a tsunami. Tsunamis are not tidal waves and not caused by the tides. Tsunamis are ocean waves caused by underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes and underwater volcanoes. As the wave travels over deep water, it stays small, just a few centimeters high. When the wave approaches land, the water slows and bunches up into tall waves, which cause a lot of destruction when they rush onshore.

Earthquakes and volcanoes both change Earth’s surface. Landslides open large cracks or cause blocks of land to rise up or sink. This can result in landslides and cliffs collapsing. Tsunamis erode beaches and other coastal areas.

If you have any further questions or need additional assistance, feel free to ask!