Question

_______. Volcanoes are a result of the magma bursting through the surface as _______. _______are also caused by the plates hitting each other.
The opposite of convergent plates is a _______ plate. This is where the plates _______apart. Most divergent plates are in the _______. The gap is filled by magma _______to the surface. This forms an oceanic _______. East Africa’s Rift Valley is an example of a divergent boundary on land. Earthquakes are _______at divergent boundaries.


A _______plate boundary is where two plates slide past each other. The _______is cracked and torn, causing earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform boundary.

Movement at plate boundaries causes stress or _______on the rocks. The types of stress are compression, _______, and shear. A break in the Earth’s crust due to rock movement is called a _______.

Compression stress is caused by the plates _______together. One type of compression change is _______. Fold mountains, such as the Himalayas, are caused by two plates _______. In this case, an oceanic plate subducts _______the continental plate and an upper rock layer folds into mountains. Compression creates a reverse fault or _______ _______, where a block is pushed up.



Tension stress is caused by plates _______apart and _______the Earth’s crust, a divergent boundary. We see the results of tension stress in _______valleys, such as here in Iceland. Tension stress produces a _______fault, where a block drops down about the areas around it.






Shear stress is caused when rocks slip past each other, as found in transform boundaries. This is called a transform fault or a _______-_______ fault. The blocks of rock slide past each other _______.




Geologists discovered _______have many layers. These are sedimentary rocks, which form in _______ _______. They also discovered some mountain areas have rocks that are not in horizontal layers but are _______and angled.


Fill in this table to review fault and boundary type:
Type of
Boundary


Type of
Fault
Type of Pressure on Rock
How it
Moves
Surface Feature
Divergent
boundary
Normal Fault


Stretching apart
Basin and Range

boundary
Reverse or Thrust Fault
Compression
_______ ________
Himalayas and other mountains
Transform
boundary
_________ or ______ _____
Shear
Sideways horizontally
____ _______
_______



Word bank- you may use a word more than once

convergent
layers
stricke-slip
fault
rocks
tension
folded
san andreas
together
horizontal (ly)
squeezing
transform

Answer 1

The plate that subducts _______and the rock becomes magma. The magma is _______dense than the solid rock crust surrounding it and _______to the surface through cracks in the _______.

Answer 2

Name the type of fault, type of pressure on rock, how it moves, and its surface feature.

divergent boundary, normal fault, _________, streaching apart, basin and raise
_____ boundary, reverse or thrust fault, compression, _____ ______ himayas and mountains
Transform boundary, _____ or ____ _____, shear, sideways horizontally, ____ ___ ______

Answer 3

There are about _______ volcanoes on Earth and as many as _______earthquakes each year. Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur on the ______________which is around the rim of the _______Ocean. Most _______and volcanoes occur along plate _______, with most of them on the edge of the Pacific _______. Earthquakes occur when blocks of Earth’s crust grind and _______past each other at the _______. Energy is released _______in all _______. Volcanoes are the mountains created by lava deposits. When the molten rock is _______it is magma, once it comes to the _______it is lava.

In addition to volcanoes and earthquakes, _______boundaries frequently form _______. A trench is a deep _______on the ocean floor. When a continental plate meets an _______plate, the oceanic plate subducts (goes under) and the _______plates usually see folding on the surface. A deep valley (_______) is formed between the plates.



Volcanoes are relatively quick events that change Earth’s _______. Single-explosionb
volcanoes have drastic _______. Long, slow eruptions (by human standards) can create new _______. A volcanic eruption can blow off the top of the mountain and leave a _______or caldera behind. A _______, or a very hot portion of the mantle, will keep the _______under that area of the Earth’s crust _______. When the molten rock is beneath the surface we call it _______. Once it emerges onto the _______we call it lava. Crater Lake in Yellowstone National Park was formed in the _______left by a volcanic eruption.

word bank, you may use a word more than once
boundaries
directions
islands
plate
underground
canyon
earthquakes
magma
ring of fire
1500
changes
faults
oceanic
slip
14000
convergent
hot
outward
surface
crater
hotspot
pacific
trench(es)

Answer 4

Devil’s Tower in Wyoming is evidence of previous _______activity. The Palisades, a line of _______along the Hudson River separating New York and New Jersey, are the remains of volcanic rocks.
The Hawaiian _______were created by _______over a hotspot. The _______is stationary. As the Pacific Plate _______new areas of the plate surface move over the hotspot. The _______in the hotspot _______the crust and creates a _______. The Hawaiian volcanoes are primarily slow and gentle with _______of hot, glowing lava. Kilauea has erupted 34 times since 1952. In 2018 the eruptions covered some areas with up to 180 feet of _______and added 875 acres of new land to the _______where it flowed offshore. The big island of Hawaii looks different with every _______of Kilauea. The Lo’ihi Seamount is the site of a new eruption point over the hotspot. It will eventually form a new island.


_______are sudden movements in the Earth’s _______. Most occur around the _______Rim in the Ring of Fire. They occur at plate _______and along _______lines. Energy is sent out in all directions as _______waves. _______can happen on dry land or the ocean floor. Earthquakes that occur on the _______can cause a tsunami. _______are not tidal waves and not caused by the tides. Tsunamis are ocean waves caused by underwater _______, such as earthquakes and underwater _______. As the wave travels over _______water it stays small, just a few centimeters high. When the _______approaches land the water slows and bunches up into _______waves, which cause a lot of destruction when they rush onshore.

Earthquakes and _______both change Earth’s _______. _______open large cracks or cause blocks of _______to rise up or sink. This can result in landslides and cliffs collapsing. Tsunamis _______beaches and other coastal areas.

Word bank- you may use a word more than once

boundaries
earthquakes
island(s)
moves
surface
Wave
cliffs
erode
land
pacific
tall
crust
eruption
landslides
rivers
tsunamis
deep
fault
lava
seafloor
volcanic
disturbances
hotspot
magma melts
seismic
volcanoes(s)

Answer 5

Here’s the completed text with the appropriate words filled in from the word bank:

Volcanoes are a result of the magma bursting through the surface as **rocks**. **Volcanoes** are also caused by the plates hitting each other. The opposite of convergent plates is a **divergent** plate. This is where the plates **move** apart. Most divergent plates are in the **oceans**. The gap is filled by magma **rising** to the surface. This forms an oceanic **ridge**. East Africa’s Rift Valley is an example of a divergent boundary on land. Earthquakes are **common** at divergent boundaries.

A **transform** plate boundary is where two plates slide past each other. The **crust** is cracked and torn, causing earthquakes. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform boundary.

Movement at plate boundaries causes stress or **pressure** on the rocks. The types of stress are compression, **tension**, and shear. A break in the Earth’s crust due to rock movement is called a **fault**.

Compression stress is caused by the plates **pushing** together. One type of compression change is **squeezing**. Fold mountains, such as the Himalayas, are caused by two plates **colliding**. In this case, an oceanic plate subducts **beneath** the continental plate and an upper rock layer folds into mountains. Compression creates a reverse fault or **thrust fault**, where a block is pushed up.

Tension stress is caused by plates **pulling** apart and **stretching** the Earth’s crust, a divergent boundary. We see the results of tension stress in **rift** valleys, such as here in Iceland. Tension stress produces a **normal** fault, where a block drops down about the areas around it.

Shear stress is caused when rocks slip past each other, as found in transform boundaries. This is called a transform fault or a **strike-slip** fault. The blocks of rock slide past each other **horizontally**.

Geologists discovered **rocks** have many layers. These are sedimentary rocks, which form in **horizontal layers**. They also discovered some mountain areas have rocks that are not in horizontal layers but are **folded** and angled.

Fill in this table to review fault and boundary type:
| Type of Boundary | Type of Fault | Type of Pressure on Rock | How it Moves | Surface Feature |
|-----------------------|------------------------|--------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------|
| Divergent boundary | Normal Fault | Stretching apart | Basin and Range |
| Convergent boundary | Reverse or Thrust Fault| Compression | **Pushing Together** | Himalayas and other mountains |
| Transform boundary | Strike-slip or Slip Fault | Shear | Sideways horizontally | San Andreas Fault |

Feel free to ask more questions if you need further assistance!

Answer 6

The plate that subducts **beneath** and the rock becomes magma. The magma is **less** dense than the solid rock crust surrounding it and **rises** to the surface through cracks in the **crust**.

Answer 7

Here’s the completed table with the appropriate terms filled in:

1. Divergent boundary, normal fault, **tension**, stretching apart, basin and range.
2. Convergent boundary, reverse or thrust fault, compression, **fold mountains** (e.g., Himalayas and other mountains).
3. Transform boundary, **strike-slip or slip fault**, shear, sideways horizontally, **San Andreas Fault**.

Let me know if you need any more help!

Answer 8

Here's the text filled in using the word bank provided:

There are about **14000** volcanoes on Earth and as many as **1500** earthquakes each year. Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur on the **Ring of Fire**, which is around the rim of the **Pacific** Ocean. Most **earthquakes** and volcanoes occur along plate **boundaries**, with most of them on the edge of the Pacific **Plate**. Earthquakes occur when blocks of Earth’s crust grind and **slip** past each other at the **faults**. Energy is released **outward** in all **directions**. Volcanoes are the mountains created by lava deposits. When the molten rock is **underground**, it is magma; once it comes to the **surface**, it is lava.

In addition to volcanoes and earthquakes, **convergent** boundaries frequently form **trenches**. A trench is a deep **canyon** on the ocean floor. When a continental plate meets an **oceanic** plate, the oceanic plate subducts (goes under), and the **continental** plates usually see folding on the surface. A deep valley (**trench**) is formed between the plates.

Volcanoes are relatively quick events that change Earth’s **surface**. Single-explosion volcanoes have drastic **changes**. Long, slow eruptions (by human standards) can create new **islands**. A volcanic eruption can blow off the top of the mountain and leave a **crater** or caldera behind. A **hotspot**, or a very hot portion of the mantle, will keep the **magma** under that area of the Earth’s crust **underground**. When the molten rock is beneath the surface, we call it **magma**. Once it emerges onto the **surface**, we call it lava. Crater Lake in Yellowstone National Park was formed in the **crater** left by a volcanic eruption.

If you need further assistance, feel free to ask!

Answer 9

Here's the text completed with the appropriate words from the word bank:

Devil’s Tower in Wyoming is evidence of previous **volcanic** activity. The Palisades, a line of **cliffs** along the Hudson River separating New York and New Jersey, are the remains of volcanic rocks. The Hawaiian **islands** were created by **eruption** over a hotspot. The **hotspot** is stationary. As the Pacific Plate **moves**, new areas of the plate surface move over the hotspot. The **magma** in the hotspot **melts** the crust and creates a **volcano**. The Hawaiian volcanoes are primarily slow and gentle with **flows** of hot, glowing lava. Kilauea has erupted 34 times since 1952. In 2018, the eruptions covered some areas with up to 180 feet of **lava** and added 875 acres of new land to the **land** where it flowed offshore. The big island of Hawaii looks different with every **eruption** of Kilauea. The Lo’ihi Seamount is the site of a new eruption point over the hotspot. It will eventually form a new island.

**Earthquakes** are sudden movements in the Earth’s **crust**. Most occur around the **Pacific** Rim in the Ring of Fire. They occur at plate **boundaries** and along **fault** lines. Energy is sent out in all directions as **seismic** waves. **Tsunamis** can happen on dry land or the ocean floor. Earthquakes that occur on the **seafloor** can cause a tsunami. **Tsunamis** are not tidal waves and not caused by the tides. Tsunamis are ocean waves caused by underwater **disturbances**, such as earthquakes and underwater **volcanoes**. As the wave travels over **deep** water, it stays small, just a few centimeters high. When the **wave** approaches land, the water slows and bunches up into **tall** waves, which cause a lot of destruction when they rush onshore.

Earthquakes and **volcanoes** both change Earth’s **surface**. **Landslides** open large cracks or cause blocks of **land** to rise up or sink. This can result in landslides and cliffs collapsing. Tsunamis **erode** beaches and other coastal areas.

If you have any further questions or need additional assistance, feel free to ask!