the periodic table is arranged by various patterns describe the pattern regarding charges of ions formed accros a row in three to five sentences explain your resoaning and provide specific examples.

Answer 1

In the periodic table, the charges of ions formed across a period generally exhibit a pattern related to the number of valence electrons. As you move from left to right across a row (period), elements progress from having low ionization energies and tend to lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) to having higher ionization energies and more valence electrons, which leads them to gain electrons and form negative ions (anions). For example, in Period 2, lithium (Li) has one valence electron and typically forms a +1 cation, while fluorine (F) has seven valence electrons and tends to gain one electron to form a -1 anion. By the time we reach the p-block elements, such as sulfur (S) with six valence electrons, it typically forms a -2 anion by gaining two electrons to achieve a full outer shell. This trend reflects the tendency of elements to seek stable electron configurations near the noble gas configuration.