The Greek City-States Social Structure Upper class: aristoi Wealthy citizens Owned agricultural land and equipment Held positions in government Middle class: artisans Skilled craftsmen Provided specialized goods and services Granted citizenship and voting rights Lower class: perioikoi Owned less-valuable land Granted citizenship and voting rights Agricultural workers outside the city Varied among polis Women Unable to vote Unable to own land Did not have the same rights and privileges as men Rights varied by polis Laborers and enslaved people Unable to vote Unable to own land Relied on their employer Had no legal rights Provided agricultural services Foreign citizens Not granted full rights Not granted full citizenship Could achieve citizenship based on resources Examine the social classes of the ancient Greek poleis. In 3–5 sentences, discuss the differences among the social classes.

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The social structure of ancient Greek city-states, or poleis, was distinctly hierarchical. The upper class, known as the aristoi, consisted of wealthy citizens who owned land and held significant political positions, wielding considerable influence over governance. In contrast, the middle class comprised skilled artisans who contributed specialized goods and services, enjoying certain rights like citizenship and voting. The lower class, including the perioikoi and agricultural workers, had limited privileges, with the perioikoi owning less valuable land but still obtaining some citizenship rights, whereas laborers and enslaved individuals lacked rights altogether. Women's rights varied significantly across different city-states, often restricting them from voting or owning land, further emphasizing the societal inequalities based on class and gender.