Many of the achievements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) can be attributed to their advanced knowledge in several areas, including urban planning, engineering, and agriculture. Some key aspects include:
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Urban Planning: The IVC is renowned for its well-planned cities, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. They used a grid pattern for their streets, which improved urban organization, accessibility, and sanitation. Cities were equipped with advanced drainage systems, which were remarkable for their time.
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Water Management: The civilization demonstrated advanced knowledge in hydraulic engineering, as seen in their sophisticated drainage systems and water storage facilities, such as large communal baths and reservoirs.
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Agriculture: The Indus Valley people mastered agricultural techniques, including crop rotation and irrigation, which allowed them to cultivate a variety of crops such as wheat, barley, peas, and cotton.
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Trade and Economy: They had a system of weight and measures for trade, indicating a complex economic system. The production of seals suggests they engaged in trade with other cultures, which required not only goods but also advanced economic knowledge.
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Craftsmanship and Technology: The IVC was skilled in making pottery, bead-making, and metallurgy. Their expertise in crafts indicates a high level of technical knowledge and artistic expression.
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Writing System: Although not fully deciphered, the Indus script points to an advanced understanding of communication and record-keeping, crucial for administration and trade.
These achievements reflect a sophisticated and organized society, with skills and innovations that laid the groundwork for future civilizations in the region.