Which statements accurately compare the government systems of Sparta and Carthage?

Let's evaluate the statements comparing the government systems of Sparta and Carthage:

1. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments both had two leaders. The Spartan government had hereditary kings while the Carthaginian government had elected leaders.**
- **Accurate**: Sparta had two hereditary kings, while Carthage was governed by elected officials (suffetes).

2. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments both used a council. The Spartan senate used 500 elected officials while the council of Carthage had 28 elected officials.**
- **Inaccurate**: Sparta had a council known as the Gerousia, which included 28 elders, alongside the two kings. Carthage had a council of 104 members called the Council of Elders, not 28.

3. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments were both oligarchies. Carthage focused more on military matters and Sparta focused more on democracy.**
- **Inaccurate**: Sparta is often considered an oligarchy due to its dual kingship and the power of the Gerousia, but it is not focused on democracy. Carthage also had oligarchic elements with the aristocracy having substantial influence, but both states had a strong military focus.

4. **The Spartan and Carthaginian governments both had an assembly. The Spartan government elected citizens in the assembly while the Carthage government did not.**
- **Inaccurate**: Both Sparta and Carthage had assemblies; however, Spartan citizens (male) participated in the assembly called the Apella, while in Carthage, citizens could participate, but the political power was mostly in the hands of the wealthy.

Based on the analysis, the first statement is the only accurate comparison.