Scientists wondered how volcanoes could be located so far from tectonic plate boundaries until one proposed the idea of (hotspots plates, mid-ocean ridges, transform faults) where the magma is much hotter than the surrounding magma. These are(undetectable, submerged, fixed, rotating​) and do not move with tectonic plates. They are responsible for the creation of(volcanic, oceanic, convecting, floating) island chains.