Question
Ecosystems Quiz Review Topics
Quiz on Monday, September 23, 2024
1. Life on Planet Earth
● Name and describe the different spheres of the earth: lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and biosphere
○ Be able to describe the interactions between the different spheres
● Give examples of biotic and abiotic factors. How do they interact with each other?
● Key terms such as: ecosystems, biotic and abiotic factors, populations, community, etc.
2. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
● Describe Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
○ Be able to write the word equation for each process.
○ Know the reactants and products for each
○ Which process creates energy? Which one requires light energy?
○ What types of cells/ organisms do each process?
● Key terms such as: photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chloroplasts, mitochondria, plant
and animal cells, light/ radiant energy, chemical energy, producers, consumers, etc.
3. Food Chains and Food Webs
● Analyze food webs and food chains
○ Identify the different trophic levels
○ Describe what would happen if you add or take away an organism and how it
would affect the other organisms it is connected with.
○ Write out food chains with given information/ based on food webs.
● Key terms: producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, top carnivore, trophic
levels, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, predator, prey, etc.
4. Ecological Pyramids
● Be able to describe/ draw an energy pyramid
● Calculate the energy at different trophic levels using the 10% rule
● Biomass pyramids
● Number pyramids
5. Cycling of Matter
● Know process of each:
○ Carbon Cycle
○ Nitrogen Cycle
● Key terms: nitrogen fixation, nitrates, decomposers, denitrification
Quiz on Monday, September 23, 2024
1. Life on Planet Earth
● Name and describe the different spheres of the earth: lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and biosphere
○ Be able to describe the interactions between the different spheres
● Give examples of biotic and abiotic factors. How do they interact with each other?
● Key terms such as: ecosystems, biotic and abiotic factors, populations, community, etc.
2. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
● Describe Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
○ Be able to write the word equation for each process.
○ Know the reactants and products for each
○ Which process creates energy? Which one requires light energy?
○ What types of cells/ organisms do each process?
● Key terms such as: photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chloroplasts, mitochondria, plant
and animal cells, light/ radiant energy, chemical energy, producers, consumers, etc.
3. Food Chains and Food Webs
● Analyze food webs and food chains
○ Identify the different trophic levels
○ Describe what would happen if you add or take away an organism and how it
would affect the other organisms it is connected with.
○ Write out food chains with given information/ based on food webs.
● Key terms: producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, top carnivore, trophic
levels, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, predator, prey, etc.
4. Ecological Pyramids
● Be able to describe/ draw an energy pyramid
● Calculate the energy at different trophic levels using the 10% rule
● Biomass pyramids
● Number pyramids
5. Cycling of Matter
● Know process of each:
○ Carbon Cycle
○ Nitrogen Cycle
● Key terms: nitrogen fixation, nitrates, decomposers, denitrification
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Here’s a concise overview of the topics you've listed for your Ecosystems quiz. Use this as a study guide to help ensure you cover all aspects.
### 1. Life on Planet Earth
- **Spheres of the Earth**:
- **Lithosphere**: The solid outer part of the Earth, consisting of rock and soil, which supports terrestrial life.
- **Atmosphere**: The layer of gases surrounding the Earth, essential for weather, climate, and the survival of living organisms.
- **Hydrosphere**: All water bodies on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and water vapor, crucial for all life forms.
- **Biosphere**: The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships with the environment.
- **Interactions**:
- Example: Plants (biosphere) absorb carbon dioxide (atmosphere) and water (hydrosphere) and use minerals from the soil (lithosphere) to grow.
- **Biotic and Abiotic Factors**:
- **Biotic Factors**: Living components like plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
- **Abiotic Factors**: Non-living components like temperature, water, soil, and sunlight.
- Interaction Example: Plants (biotic) rely on sunlight and water (abiotic) for photosynthesis.
- **Key Terms**: Ecosystems, biotic factors, abiotic factors, populations, communities, etc.
### 2. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
- **Photosynthesis**:
- **Word Equation**: Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen
- **Reactants**: Carbon dioxide, Water, Light energy
- **Products**: Glucose, Oxygen
- **Requires Light Energy**: Yes, occurs in chloroplasts of plant cells.
- **Cellular Respiration**:
- **Word Equation**: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
- **Reactants**: Glucose, Oxygen
- **Products**: Carbon dioxide, Water, Energy (ATP)
- **Creates Energy**: Yes, occurs in mitochondria of both plant and animal cells.
- **Key Terms**: Photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chloroplasts, mitochondria, light/radiant energy, chemical energy, producers, consumers, etc.
### 3. Food Chains and Food Webs
- **Food Chains**: Linear representations of how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another (e.g., Grass → Rabbit → Fox).
- **Food Webs**: More complex networks showing multiple food chains in an ecosystem.
- **Trophic Levels**:
- **Producers** (1st trophic level): Organisms that make their own food (e.g., plants).
- **Primary Consumers** (2nd trophic level): Herbivores that eat producers.
- **Secondary Consumers** (3rd trophic level): Carnivores that eat primary consumers.
- **Tertiary Consumers** (4th trophic level): Animals that eat secondary consumers.
- **Impact of Changes**: Removing or adding an organism can disrupt the balance, affecting all connected species.
- **Key Terms**: Producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, top carnivore, trophic levels, predator, prey, etc.
### 4. Ecological Pyramids
- **Energy Pyramid**: Visual representation of energy flow in an ecosystem, showing that energy decreases at each trophic level (10% rule).
- **10% Rule**: Only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next.
- Example: If producers have 1000 kcal, primary consumers would have about 100 kcal, and secondary consumers would have about 10 kcal.
- **Biomass Pyramids**: Show the total mass of living matter at each trophic level.
- **Number Pyramids**: Show the number of individual organisms at each trophic level.
### 5. Cycling of Matter
- **Carbon Cycle**: The process through which carbon is exchanged between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth. Key processes include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion.
- **Nitrogen Cycle**: The series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms. Key processes include:
- **Nitrogen Fixation**: Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia by bacteria.
- **Nitrification**: Conversion of ammonia to nitrates.
- **Denitrification**: Conversion of nitrates back to nitrogen gas by bacteria, releasing it into the atmosphere.
- **Key Terms**: Nitrogen fixation, nitrates, decomposers, denitrification.
### Study Suggestions
- Make flashcards for key terms.
- Draw diagrams for processes (like the carbon and nitrogen cycles).
- Practice writing out food chains and webs given certain organisms.
- Work on understanding the implications of changes in food webs or ecosystems.
Good luck with your quiz!
### 1. Life on Planet Earth
- **Spheres of the Earth**:
- **Lithosphere**: The solid outer part of the Earth, consisting of rock and soil, which supports terrestrial life.
- **Atmosphere**: The layer of gases surrounding the Earth, essential for weather, climate, and the survival of living organisms.
- **Hydrosphere**: All water bodies on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and water vapor, crucial for all life forms.
- **Biosphere**: The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships with the environment.
- **Interactions**:
- Example: Plants (biosphere) absorb carbon dioxide (atmosphere) and water (hydrosphere) and use minerals from the soil (lithosphere) to grow.
- **Biotic and Abiotic Factors**:
- **Biotic Factors**: Living components like plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
- **Abiotic Factors**: Non-living components like temperature, water, soil, and sunlight.
- Interaction Example: Plants (biotic) rely on sunlight and water (abiotic) for photosynthesis.
- **Key Terms**: Ecosystems, biotic factors, abiotic factors, populations, communities, etc.
### 2. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
- **Photosynthesis**:
- **Word Equation**: Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen
- **Reactants**: Carbon dioxide, Water, Light energy
- **Products**: Glucose, Oxygen
- **Requires Light Energy**: Yes, occurs in chloroplasts of plant cells.
- **Cellular Respiration**:
- **Word Equation**: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
- **Reactants**: Glucose, Oxygen
- **Products**: Carbon dioxide, Water, Energy (ATP)
- **Creates Energy**: Yes, occurs in mitochondria of both plant and animal cells.
- **Key Terms**: Photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chloroplasts, mitochondria, light/radiant energy, chemical energy, producers, consumers, etc.
### 3. Food Chains and Food Webs
- **Food Chains**: Linear representations of how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another (e.g., Grass → Rabbit → Fox).
- **Food Webs**: More complex networks showing multiple food chains in an ecosystem.
- **Trophic Levels**:
- **Producers** (1st trophic level): Organisms that make their own food (e.g., plants).
- **Primary Consumers** (2nd trophic level): Herbivores that eat producers.
- **Secondary Consumers** (3rd trophic level): Carnivores that eat primary consumers.
- **Tertiary Consumers** (4th trophic level): Animals that eat secondary consumers.
- **Impact of Changes**: Removing or adding an organism can disrupt the balance, affecting all connected species.
- **Key Terms**: Producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, top carnivore, trophic levels, predator, prey, etc.
### 4. Ecological Pyramids
- **Energy Pyramid**: Visual representation of energy flow in an ecosystem, showing that energy decreases at each trophic level (10% rule).
- **10% Rule**: Only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next.
- Example: If producers have 1000 kcal, primary consumers would have about 100 kcal, and secondary consumers would have about 10 kcal.
- **Biomass Pyramids**: Show the total mass of living matter at each trophic level.
- **Number Pyramids**: Show the number of individual organisms at each trophic level.
### 5. Cycling of Matter
- **Carbon Cycle**: The process through which carbon is exchanged between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth. Key processes include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion.
- **Nitrogen Cycle**: The series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms. Key processes include:
- **Nitrogen Fixation**: Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia by bacteria.
- **Nitrification**: Conversion of ammonia to nitrates.
- **Denitrification**: Conversion of nitrates back to nitrogen gas by bacteria, releasing it into the atmosphere.
- **Key Terms**: Nitrogen fixation, nitrates, decomposers, denitrification.
### Study Suggestions
- Make flashcards for key terms.
- Draw diagrams for processes (like the carbon and nitrogen cycles).
- Practice writing out food chains and webs given certain organisms.
- Work on understanding the implications of changes in food webs or ecosystems.
Good luck with your quiz!