A) Which of the following best describes the origins of the Reformation? (1 point)

The statement that best describes the origins of the Reformation is:

"Martin Luther successfully built on more than a century of other scholars' ideas, causing more people to speak up and leave the Catholic Church."

This option encapsulates how Martin Luther's ideas were influenced by earlier reformist thought and how his actions inspired a wider movement against the Catholic Church, leading to the Reformation.

A) Which of the following primary sources would best help someone examine how the printing

press and printed books influenced Europe? (1 point)
a diagram of the printing press that Johannes Gutenberg created by hand
a copy of one of the most well-known illuminated manuscripts used for prayer
a twentieth-century map showing the printing presses in Renaissance Europe
a sixteenth-century document calling for the censorship of newly printed books

The primary source that would best help someone examine how the printing press and printed books influenced Europe is:

**a sixteenth-century document calling for the censorship of newly printed books.**

This document provides direct insight into the societal and governmental reaction to the widespread dissemination of printed materials, highlighting the impact of the printing press on European society, culture, and politics during that time.

A) Which statement best summarizes the criticisms of the Catholic Church by Protestant

reformers? (1 point)
Protestant reformers wanted the Catholic Church to control secular governments.
Protestant reformers saw the Catholic Church as corrupt and too focused on wealth and political
power instead of faith and ministry.
Protestant reformers believed each nation should have their own unique church.
Protestant reformers believed the pope should have direct control over individual salvation.

The statement that best summarizes the criticisms of the Catholic Church by Protestant reformers is:

**Protestant reformers saw the Catholic Church as corrupt and too focused on wealth and political power instead of faith and ministry.**

This captures the essence of the reformers' concerns about the Church's priorities and practices during the time leading up to the Reformation.

A)

The Tridentine Creed was declared by Pope Pius IV after the Council of Trent as a statement
of church doctrine. Interpret the following list which summarizes the Tridentine Creed and
select the statement which best explains the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant
Reformation.
There is one God and Jesus is his son
The Holy Spirit, Father, and Son are one singular being
Baptism can only be done by priests upon a child’s birth
Religious holidays and traditions are established by the Catholic Church
Only the Catholic Church can interpret the Bible
There are seven sacraments including baptism, the Eucharist, and confession
Purgatory exists
Indulgences have power because of Jesus Christ
The Pope is the leader of all Christian peoples
(1 point)
The Church rejected Lutheranism, but it accepted Zwingli’s criticism of the Eucharist.
The Church accepted that the average person should be able to judge and interpret scripture
along with the priesthood.
The Church accepted criticisms made by Protestants, and it abolished the sale of indulgences.
The Church reaffirmed core Catholic teachings such as the Eucharist and the supremacy of the
Church in interpreting the Bible.

The statement that best explains the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation, based on the Tridentine Creed, is:

**The Church reaffirmed core Catholic teachings such as the Eucharist and the supremacy of the Church in interpreting the Bible.**

This reflects the Catholic Church's position to maintain its doctrines and authority in response to Protestant critiques, rather than accommodating or accepting Protestant reforms.

A) Which religious order developed out of the Council of Trent to be soldiers of God and

defend the Catholic faith? (1 point)
Calvinists
Zwinglians
Jesuits
Lutherans

The religious order that developed out of the Council of Trent to be soldiers of God and defend the Catholic faith is the **Jesuits**.