Here is the matching of each phrase with the corresponding region of the United States in the years immediately preceding the Civil War:
- Accounted for the majority of food production - North
- Produced almost all manufactured goods - North
- Contained less than a third of the population - South
- Contained the majority of the railroad network - North
- Economy based primarily on agriculture - South
The North was characterized by industrialization and a focus on manufacturing, while the South's economy was largely agricultural, relying on plantations and farming, particularly cotton.