The two transitions that would most effectively begin a conclusion are:
- In conclusion
- Finally
However, from the options you provided, "after all" and "by and large" could also serve as transitions to indicate a concluding rationale, depending on context. If you're looking for phrases that signal reaching a conclusion or summarizing, "after all" is appropriate, while "for example" does not typically indicate a conclusion.
So, the most appropriate choices would likely be:
- After all
- However (if used to contrast before summarizing points)
Please let me know if you meant to include "In conclusion" or "Finally" in your original options for a more accurate selection!