To understand the impacts of Europeans on the Americas during the Age of Exploration, the most valuable primary sources would be:
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A personal diary written by a European explorer recounting their experiences and observations in the New World. - This source can provide direct insights into the perceptions and attitudes of Europeans towards the indigenous peoples and the environment they encountered, as well as the explorers' motivations and actions.
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Official documents from the European colonial government detailing economic policies and governance in the Americas. - These documents can give critical information about the administrative framework established by Europeans, the economic exploitation of the land and resources, and the governance systems imposed on indigenous populations.
While oral histories from Native American communities are important for understanding indigenous perspectives, the European accounts, and official documents would more directly illustrate the impacts of European policies and actions. The treaty outlining the division of territories can also be relevant, but it may not provide as detailed insights into day-to-day impacts or experiences as the other two sources.