Certainly! Here's a summary of the four main types of macromolecules/biomolecules, including their monomers, elements, functions, and examples.
1. Carbohydrates
- Monomer: Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
- Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) - typically in a 1:2:1 ratio
- Function: Provide energy for the body; serve as structural components in cells and organisms.
- Example: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) - a primary energy source for cells.
2. Lipids
- Monomer: Fatty acids and glycerol (though not always defined by a repeating unit like other macromolecules)
- Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) - lipids generally have a higher ratio of hydrogen to oxygen compared to carbohydrates.
- Function: Store energy, form cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules.
- Example: Triglycerides (fats and oils) - composed of three fatty acid molecules linked to one glycerol molecule.
3. Proteins
- Monomer: Amino acids
- Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and sometimes Sulfur (S)
- Function: Perform a wide range of functions including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structure, transporting molecules, and facilitating communication in cells.
- Example: Hemoglobin - a protein that transports oxygen in red blood cells.
4. Nucleic Acids
- Monomer: Nucleotides
- Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P)
- Function: Store and transmit genetic information; play a role in protein synthesis.
- Example: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - the molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
This summary outlines the key characteristics and functions of each type of macromolecule in biological systems.